The interior of the eyeball is not empty; it is filled with a transparent, egg-white-like gel called the Vitreous. This gel is firmly attached to the retina at the back of the eye. Due to aging, trauma, or diabetes, this gel can lose its structure, fill with blood, or shrink and pull on the retina, causing a tear.
The fundamental logic of treating retinal detachment is to reattach the displaced nerve layer (retina) to the outer wall of the eye (sclera). While a Vitrectomy does this by entering the eye and applying pressure from the inside out (using gas or silicone), Scleral Buckling works with the opposite mechanism: from the outside in.
Macular Surgery (Yellow Spot Operations)
If we compare the eye to a high-resolution camera, the most critical component is the macula (yellow spot) located at its very center. This tiny area, only a few millimeters in diameter, is responsible for our "HD" vision—allowing us to recognize faces, read books, distinguish vibrant colors, and drive safely.