Macular Degeneration (Age-Related Macular Degeneration)
Known in medical literature as "Macular Degeneration," yellow spot disease is a condition where the macula (yellow spot) region, located at the back of the eye and…
Common Retinal Diseases
Diabetic Retinopathy
Diabetic retinopathy is a condition where the capillaries of the retina—the inner layer at the back of the eye that transmits visual signals to the brain—are damaged…
Retinal Detachment
The retina (nerve layer), which covers the back inner wall of our eye like wallpaper, consists of millions of nerve cells that perceive light from the outside and…
Retinal Vascular Occlusions
Just as our heart or brain needs an uninterrupted blood flow to function, the nerve layer of our eye (retina) similarly requires rich oxygen and nutrient support. The…
Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP)
In a normal pregnancy process, vascular development in the baby's eye begins in the womb at approximately the 16th week and continues until birth (around the 40th…
Macular Hole
The nerve layer covering the back inner wall of our eye, consisting of light-sensitive nerve cells, is called the retina. The millimetric area located at the very…
Epiretinal Membrane
Also known in medical literature as "Macular Pucker," "Cellophane Maculopathy," or "Premacular Fibroplasia," Epiretinal Membrane (ERM) is a thin, semi-transparent, and…
Central Serous Retinopathy (CSR)
The nerve layer covering the inner surface of our eye and initiating the vision process is called the retina. The most critical region of the retina is the macula…
Genetic Retinal Diseases
Retinitis Pigmentosa
Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) is not a single disease but a general name for a broad group of hereditary retinal dystrophies that cause the light-sensitive cells of the…
Stargardt Disease
Known in medical literature as "Juvenile Macular Degeneration" or "Fundus Flavimaculatus," Stargardt Disease is a hereditary condition that directly targets the…
Leber Congenital Amaurosis (LCA)
First described in 1869 by Dr. Theodor Leber, Leber Congenital Amaurosis (LCA) is one of the most common genetic causes of congenital blindness in childhood. It is a…
Congenital Retinal Dystrophies
In medicine, "congenital" means "present at birth," and "dystrophy" refers to a tissue or organ (in this case, the retina) failing to complete its normal development…
Macular Dystrophies
The nerve layer covering the back inner wall of our eye is called the retina, and the millimetric area located at the exact center of this layer, responsible for sharp…
Optic Nerve Diseases
Glaucoma
To maintain the vitality and spherical shape of the eyeball and to nourish avascular tissues like the cornea and lens, a special fluid called "aqueous humor" is…
Toxic Optic Neuropathies (Methyl Alcohol Intoxication)
Toxic Optic Neuropathy occurs when poisonous chemicals, heavy metals, or certain powerful drugs reach the eye via the bloodstream, poisoning and killing these vital…
Optic Neuropathies
The optic nerve is a massive network of approximately 1.2 million fine nerve fibers that collects light and color signals formed in the retina (the back layer of the…