OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography)
OCT technology functions similarly to ultrasonography (USG), but instead of sound waves, it uses low-energy, specialized laser light (near-infrared, around 840 nm).
Directly beneath the retina lies a vital layer called the Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE), which acts as a "waste processing plant" for the eye. As we age or face genetic diseases, this plant becomes fatigued, and a toxic aging pigment called Lipofuscin begins to accumulate within the cells.
Traditional fundus cameras and standard examination methods can only capture a narrow 30 to 45-degree area at the center of the retina at one time. This represents only about 15% of the total retinal surface.
Electrophysiological Tests (ERG, mfERG, VEP, EOG)
Vision is more than just an optical process; it is a magnificent "bioelectrical" miracle. Light entering the eye is instantly converted into electrical signals by millions of microscopic cells and transmitted to the brain's visual center via a biological cable network called the optic nerve.
The visual field is the entire spatial area you can perceive (up, down, left, and right) while keeping your head and eyes fixed on a single point. A healthy human eye can scan approximately 160 degrees horizontally and 120 degrees vertically.
In the field of eye health, the ability to read letters on a chart or having an anatomically sound eye structure does not always equate to high-quality vision. Often, the subtle "working capacity" (function) of the cells—which standard exams might miss—is the true measure of how we perceive the world.